In October 2007, Radiohead unveiled their seventh studio album, which was self-produced and initially self-distributed on a pay-what-you-want model through a website, followed by its retail release across the world during the last week of December that year. This success was attributed variously to marketing, to the album's leak on the file-sharing network Napster a few months before its release. It debuted at number one in many countries, including the US, where its debut atop the Billboard chart marked a first for the band, and the first US number one album by any UK musician since the Spice Girls in 1996. Rather than being a stylistic sequel to OK Computer, Kid A featured a minimalist and textured style with more diverse instrumentation including the ondes Martenot, programmed electronic beats, strings, and jazz horns. In October 2000, Radiohead released their fourth album, Kid A, the first of two albums from these recording sessions. The album was also met with unanimous critical acclaims from the review circles it won the Best Alternative Album and a nomination for Album of the Year at the 1998 Grammy Awards, the first Grammy Awards recognition of the band's career, and it is often cited by many as one of the greatest rock albums of the 1990s.
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In a bold, deliberate departure from the guitar-centric sounds and introspective lyrics of their previous Britpop works, OK Computer set itself as a major turning point for the band's shift in artistic direction towards more melancholic and atmospheric sounds. In June 1997, Radiohead released their third studio and first self-produced album OK Computer, which reached number one on the UK Albums chart upon its debut and also became the band's highest album entry at number 21 on U.S.
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The album was seen by some as the beginning of a shift in aesthetics and style of music for the band, marked by increased presence of keyboards and juxtaposition of abrasive guitar tracks with subtler ones. In 1995, Radiohead released their sophomore album The Bends, produced by John Leckie and engineered by Nigel Godrich, who would go on to produce all future albums by the band. Upon its mainstream debut, the song climbed to the 7th place on UK Billboards and made them an internationally famous band, though some members, including the frontman Thom Yorke, later remarked that the overwhelming success of "Creep" had cast a shadow on other tracks on their first album.
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In 1992, the band recorded and released their first and most popular single to-date "Creep," though it didn't become a hit until it was re-released as the lead single for their debut album Pablo Honey in 1993. The members of Radiohead met in 1985 while attending Abingdon School at Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.